Neck Pain and Dizziness: Understanding the Hidden Link Between Your Neck and Balance

Neck pain and dizziness often appear together, leaving many people wondering whether the two symptoms are connected. While dizziness is commonly associated with inner ear disorders, low blood pressure, or neurological conditions, the neck itself can also play an important role in maintaining balance. When the muscles, joints, or nerves of the cervical spine are not functioning properly, they may disrupt the body’s ability to accurately sense head position and movement, leading to feelings of dizziness or unsteadiness.

This condition, often referred to as cervical dizziness or cervicogenic dizziness, is not as widely recognized as other causes of dizziness, yet it can significantly affect daily life. People may experience lightheadedness, poor balance, blurred vision, or a sensation of floating, especially when neck pain or stiffness is present. Symptoms often become worse after prolonged sitting, sudden head movements, or poor posture. Many people first experience these symptoms as part of broader neck pain, which can range from mild stiffness to persistent cervical discomfort affecting daily activities.

Understanding the relationship between neck pain and dizziness is essential because successful treatment depends on identifying the true cause of the symptoms. While dizziness can sometimes signal a serious medical condition that requires immediate attention, it may also result from treatable problems involving the cervical spine. This guide explains how the neck influences balance, explores common causes of cervical dizziness, discusses diagnosis and treatment options, and provides practical strategies to reduce symptoms and improve long-term neck health.

Can Neck Problems Really Cause Dizziness?

Many people are surprised to learn that problems in the neck can contribute to dizziness. Since dizziness is often associated with the inner ear or brain, the neck is frequently overlooked as a possible source. However, the cervical spine contains muscles, joints, and specialized sensory receptors that constantly communicate with the brain to help maintain posture, coordination, and balance.

When these structures become irritated or dysfunctional, the signals sent to the brain may become inaccurate, creating a mismatch between information received from the neck, eyes, and inner ear. This sensory conflict can lead to feelings of dizziness, lightheadedness, or unsteadiness, particularly during head movements.

Understanding Cervical Dizziness

Cervical dizziness, also known as cervicogenic dizziness, is a condition in which dizziness is associated with neck pain or dysfunction. Rather than causing a spinning sensation like vertigo, cervical dizziness often produces a feeling of imbalance, disorientation, or difficulty maintaining steady movement. Cervical dizziness is just one condition associated with neck disorders. Learning about the different types of neck pain can help you better understand which symptoms may indicate specific cervical conditions.

Symptoms commonly worsen after prolonged sitting, sudden neck movements, or maintaining poor posture for extended periods. Many people also report that improving their neck pain leads to noticeable improvements in their dizziness, highlighting the close relationship between these symptoms.

How the Neck Communicates with the Brain

The neck contains thousands of tiny sensory receptors called proprioceptors. These receptors continuously send information to the brain about the position and movement of the head.

The brain combines this information with signals from the eyes and the inner ear to maintain balance and coordinate body movements. If the signals coming from the neck become distorted due to muscle tension, joint dysfunction, or injury, the brain may struggle to accurately interpret body position, resulting in dizziness or instability.

Why Balance Depends on a Healthy Neck

Maintaining balance requires precise coordination between several body systems. While the inner ear often receives the most attention, the cervical spine also plays a critical role by providing continuous feedback about head orientation.

When neck muscles become tight or cervical joints lose normal mobility, this communication can become disrupted. The resulting mismatch between sensory systems may cause symptoms such as dizziness, blurred vision, poor coordination, or difficulty walking, even though the inner ear is functioning normally.

The Science Behind Neck Pain and Dizziness

The connection between neck pain and dizziness is based on the way the cervical spine communicates with the brain. The neck is far more than a structure that supports the head—it is an essential part of the body’s balance system. The muscles, joints, nerves, and blood vessels in the cervical region work together to help your brain understand where your head is positioned in space.

When any of these structures become injured, inflamed, or strained, the brain may receive inaccurate information. This mismatch between signals from the neck, eyes, and inner ear can lead to dizziness, poor balance, and difficulty concentrating.

The Role of the Cervical Spine

The cervical spine consists of seven vertebrae that support the head while allowing it to move freely in multiple directions. These vertebrae also protect the spinal cord and provide attachment points for muscles and ligaments responsible for stability.

When the cervical spine loses its normal function because of poor posture, arthritis, muscle strain, or injury, it can affect both movement and balance. Even minor dysfunction in the upper cervical spine may produce symptoms that extend beyond the neck itself.

Nerves That Influence Balance

The upper cervical region contains numerous nerves that communicate with the brain about head movement and body position. These sensory nerves continuously provide information that helps maintain coordination and stability.

If these nerves become irritated by inflammation, muscle tension, or joint dysfunction, they may send abnormal signals to the brain. This disruption can cause dizziness, feelings of unsteadiness, or difficulty focusing during movement.

Blood Flow Between the Neck and Brain

Several important arteries travel through the cervical spine to supply blood to the brain. Healthy blood circulation is essential for normal brain function and balance.

Although uncommon, certain neck conditions or injuries may affect blood flow in this region. Reduced circulation can contribute to dizziness, especially when combined with other cervical problems. Because dizziness related to blood flow may indicate a serious medical condition, it should always be evaluated promptly if symptoms appear suddenly or are accompanied by neurological changes.

How Muscle Tension Affects Spatial Awareness

Tight neck muscles do more than cause pain—they also interfere with the body’s ability to accurately sense movement. When these symptoms continue for several months despite self-care, they may indicate chronic neck pain, which often requires a comprehensive rehabilitation program.

When muscles remain tense for prolonged periods, the sensory receptors within them may provide inaccurate information about head position. The brain then receives conflicting signals from the neck, eyes, and inner ear, making it harder to maintain balance.

This explains why people with chronic neck tension often report feeling lightheaded, off-balance, or as though they are walking on an uneven surface.

Common Conditions That Cause Both Neck Pain and Dizziness

Several medical conditions can affect the cervical spine and produce both neck pain and dizziness. Identifying the underlying condition is an important step toward choosing the most effective treatment. Many of these conditions develop from the same underlying causes of neck pain, including poor posture, muscle strain, spinal degeneration, and traumatic injuries.

Cervical Spondylosis

Cervical spondylosis is an age-related condition in which the discs, joints, and bones of the neck gradually wear down over time.

As these changes progress, they may reduce neck mobility, irritate nearby nerves, and contribute to muscle stiffness.

Common symptoms include:

• Chronic neck pain.
• Morning stiffness.
• Headaches.
• Reduced neck movement.
• Occasional dizziness.

Although many people develop cervical spondylosis as they age, not everyone experiences symptoms.

Whiplash Injuries

Whiplash commonly occurs during motor vehicle accidents or sports injuries when the head is suddenly thrown forward and backward.

This rapid movement can strain muscles, ligaments, joints, and nerves within the cervical spine.

Symptoms may include:

• Neck pain.
• Headaches.
• Dizziness.
• Blurred vision.
• Fatigue.
• Difficulty concentrating.

Some people recover within weeks, while others experience symptoms for several months.

Herniated Cervical Disc

A herniated disc develops when the soft inner portion of a spinal disc pushes through its outer layer. Treatment often depends on the severity of nerve compression, and many patients benefit from conservative herniated disc treatment before surgery is considered.

If the herniated disc compresses nearby nerves, it may cause:

• Neck pain.
• Arm pain.
• Tingling.
• Numbness.
• Muscle weakness.
• Occasional dizziness.

The severity of symptoms depends on the location and extent of nerve involvement.

Muscle Strain

Muscle strain is one of the most common causes of neck pain and can develop from:

• Poor posture.
• Heavy lifting.
• Sleeping in an awkward position.
• Repetitive movements.
• Prolonged computer use.

Persistent muscle tightness may interfere with normal sensory input from the neck, contributing to dizziness and headaches.

Poor Posture Syndrome

Modern lifestyles encourage prolonged sitting and frequent smartphone use, both of which promote forward head posture.

Over time, poor posture increases stress on the cervical spine, weakens stabilizing muscles, and places excessive tension on the shoulders and upper back.

This combination can lead to:

• Neck stiffness.
• Chronic headaches.
• Muscle fatigue.
• Balance disturbances.
• Cervical dizziness.

Correcting posture often plays a key role in reducing symptoms and preventing future episodes.

Is It Really Your Neck? How to Tell the Difference

Because dizziness can have many different causes, it is important to determine whether your symptoms are actually coming from your neck or another medical condition. While cervical dizziness has several unique characteristics, it shares symptoms with inner ear disorders, migraines, and low blood pressure. Understanding these differences can help you recognize when your neck may be contributing to the problem and when you should seek medical attention.

Neck-Related Dizziness vs. Inner Ear Disorders

Inner ear disorders are one of the most common causes of dizziness because the inner ear controls much of the body’s balance system. Conditions such as benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV), Ménière’s disease, and vestibular neuritis typically produce a spinning sensation known as vertigo.

By comparison, cervical dizziness usually feels different. Instead of the room spinning, people often describe feeling unsteady, lightheaded, or as though they are walking on a soft surface. The symptoms are commonly accompanied by neck pain, stiffness, or headaches and may improve as the neck condition improves.

Neck Pain vs. Low Blood Pressure

Low blood pressure can also cause dizziness, but the pattern is usually different from cervical dizziness. People with low blood pressure often feel faint or lightheaded when standing up quickly after sitting or lying down. The dizziness generally improves after sitting or resting for a few moments.

In contrast, dizziness related to the neck is more likely to occur after prolonged poor posture, neck movements, or muscle tension. It is also frequently associated with neck stiffness and discomfort rather than a sudden drop in blood pressure.

Neck Pain vs. Migraine-Associated Dizziness

Some migraines are accompanied by dizziness, making them difficult to distinguish from cervical dizziness. Migraine-related dizziness often occurs alongside symptoms such as severe throbbing head pain, nausea, sensitivity to light and sound, or visual disturbances.

Cervical dizziness, however, is more closely linked to neck movement and posture. The dizziness may increase when turning the head or holding the neck in one position for too long, and it is often accompanied by reduced neck mobility and muscle tightness.

Red Flags That Require Immediate Medical Care

Although most cases of cervical dizziness are not life-threatening, some symptoms require urgent medical evaluation because they may indicate a more serious condition. These warning signs may indicate serious neck pain or another medical emergency that requires immediate assessment.

Seek immediate medical attention if dizziness is accompanied by:

• Sudden, severe headache.
• Chest pain.
• Difficulty speaking.
• Loss of consciousness.
• Weakness or numbness on one side of the body.
• Double vision or sudden vision loss.
• Difficulty walking or maintaining balance.
• Persistent vomiting.
• Confusion or changes in mental status.

These symptoms could indicate a stroke, serious neurological disorder, or another medical emergency that requires prompt treatment.

Daily Habits That Can Trigger Neck Pain and Dizziness

Many everyday activities place repeated stress on the cervical spine without us realizing it. Over time, these habits can contribute to muscle tension, joint stiffness, poor posture, and abnormal sensory input from the neck, increasing the likelihood of dizziness.

Phone and Computer Use

Looking down at a smartphone or working on a computer for several hours each day encourages forward head posture. This position places continuous strain on the muscles supporting the neck and can alter the way the cervical spine communicates with the brain. People who spend long hours at a desk are also more likely to develop neck pain at work due to prolonged static posture and repetitive movements.

Taking regular breaks, adjusting screen height, and keeping devices closer to eye level can help reduce this strain.

Poor Sitting Posture

Slouching in a chair or leaning forward while working increases pressure on the cervical spine and upper back muscles. Remaining in the same position for long periods also decreases circulation and contributes to muscle stiffness.

Maintaining proper posture and standing up every 30 to 60 minutes can significantly reduce neck-related symptoms.

Sleeping Without Proper Neck Support

An unsupportive pillow or poor sleeping position can leave the neck in an awkward position for several hours. As a result, many people wake up with neck stiffness, headaches, or dizziness that gradually improves throughout the day. Poor sleeping posture is one of the most common reasons people wake up with neck pain and morning dizziness.

Using a pillow that supports the natural curve of the neck and sleeping on your back or side can help maintain proper spinal alignment.

Sudden Neck Movements

Quick or forceful neck movements may temporarily aggravate irritated muscles and joints, particularly after an injury or during periods of muscle tension. Some individuals notice dizziness when turning their head rapidly, looking up suddenly, or changing positions too quickly. Many people also notice increased discomfort during longer trips because maintaining one position behind the wheel can contribute to neck pain while driving.

Moving the neck gently and maintaining good flexibility can reduce the likelihood of triggering symptoms.

Chronic Stress and Muscle Tightness

Stress often causes people to unconsciously tighten the muscles of the neck and shoulders. When this tension persists for days or weeks, it may contribute to pain, headaches, and dizziness. Persistent emotional stress can contribute to stress-related neck pain, increasing muscle tension and worsening dizziness.

Managing stress through regular exercise, stretching, relaxation techniques, and adequate sleep can help relieve muscle tension and improve overall neck function.

Symptoms That Often Accompany Cervical Dizziness

Cervical dizziness rarely occurs on its own. Most people experience a combination of symptoms related to neck dysfunction, making it easier for healthcare professionals to identify the underlying cause. These symptoms may vary in intensity from person to person and often become worse after prolonged sitting, poor posture, or sudden neck movements. If stiffness becomes persistent or limits your ability to move your head comfortably, learn more about the common causes and treatment options for neck stiffness.

Unsteady Balance

One of the most common symptoms of cervical dizziness is a feeling of unsteadiness. Rather than experiencing the room spinning, many people feel as though they are swaying, floating, or walking on an uneven surface. This sensation may become more noticeable while walking, climbing stairs, or turning the head quickly.

Blurred Vision

Some individuals with neck-related dizziness experience temporary blurred vision or difficulty focusing. This occurs because the brain receives conflicting information from the neck, eyes, and balance system. Although the vision itself is usually normal, the disruption in sensory input can make objects appear less stable or harder to focus on during movement.

Headaches

Headaches frequently accompany cervical dizziness, especially when the muscles and joints of the upper cervical spine are irritated. The pain often begins at the base of the skull and spreads toward the forehead, temples, or behind the eyes. Neck stiffness commonly appears before or during the headache, helping distinguish it from other headache disorders.

Neck Stiffness

Restricted neck movement is one of the hallmark signs of cervical dizziness. Many people notice difficulty turning their head or looking up and down without discomfort. The stiffness may worsen after long periods of sitting or sleeping in an awkward position and often improves with gentle movement or stretching.

Shoulder Pain

Because the neck and shoulders work closely together, muscle tension frequently extends into the upper back and shoulder region. Tight or painful shoulders can increase stress on the cervical spine, contributing to both neck pain and dizziness. Treating shoulder muscle tension often helps relieve pressure on the neck as well. Because the muscles of the neck and shoulders work together to stabilize the head, problems often affect both areas simultaneously. Learn more about neck and shoulder pain and how it is treated.

Difficulty Concentrating

People experiencing cervical dizziness sometimes report feeling mentally “foggy” or having trouble concentrating. Constant dizziness and neck discomfort can make it difficult to focus on work, reading, or conversations. Once the underlying neck problem is treated, many individuals notice improvements in both balance and mental clarity.

How Doctors Diagnose Cervical Dizziness

Diagnosing cervical dizziness can be challenging because there is no single test that confirms the condition. Instead, healthcare professionals carefully evaluate your symptoms while ruling out other possible causes of dizziness, such as inner ear disorders, neurological conditions, or cardiovascular problems.

Medical History Review

The diagnostic process usually begins with a detailed discussion about your symptoms. Your healthcare provider will ask when the dizziness started, whether it is associated with neck pain, how long episodes last, and what activities trigger or relieve your symptoms. Information about previous neck injuries, headaches, or posture-related problems can also provide valuable clues.

Physical and Neurological Examination

A thorough physical examination helps assess the health of your neck and nervous system. Your provider may evaluate posture, neck mobility, muscle tenderness, strength, reflexes, sensation, and coordination. These tests help determine whether the dizziness is likely related to cervical dysfunction or another neurological condition.

Balance Testing

Specialized balance assessments may be performed to observe how well your body maintains stability during standing, walking, or head movements. These tests can identify problems with coordination and help distinguish cervical dizziness from disorders affecting the inner ear or brain.

Imaging Studies

If your symptoms are severe, persistent, or associated with trauma, imaging tests such as X-rays, MRI scans, or CT scans may be recommended. These studies help detect structural problems such as cervical arthritis, herniated discs, spinal degeneration, or other abnormalities that could contribute to neck pain and dizziness.

Ruling Out Other Medical Conditions

Because dizziness has many possible causes, healthcare professionals often perform additional tests to exclude conditions such as vestibular disorders, low blood pressure, heart problems, infections, or neurological diseases. Once these conditions have been ruled out and cervical dysfunction is identified, an appropriate treatment plan can be developed to address the underlying cause.

Effective Treatment Options

Treating neck pain and dizziness depends on identifying and addressing the underlying cause. In many cases, a combination of therapies provides the best results by relieving pain, improving neck function, and restoring normal communication between the neck and the brain. Treatment plans are often personalized based on the severity of symptoms, overall health, and the specific condition affecting the cervical spine. If you’re considering conservative care, understanding what a chiropractor can do may help you decide whether chiropractic treatment is appropriate for your symptoms.

Physical Therapy

Physical therapy is considered one of the most effective treatments for cervical dizziness. A physical therapist develops an individualized program designed to improve posture, restore neck mobility, strengthen weak muscles, and reduce muscle tension.

A typical physical therapy program may include:

• Gentle stretching exercises.
• Neck strengthening exercises.
• Posture correction.
• Manual therapy techniques.
• Balance training.
• Ergonomic education.

Many people experience gradual improvements in both neck pain and dizziness after several weeks of consistent therapy.

Manual Therapy

Manual therapy involves hands-on techniques performed by trained healthcare professionals to improve joint mobility and reduce muscle stiffness. These techniques may include soft tissue massage, joint mobilization, and myofascial release.

When used appropriately, manual therapy can help:

• Decrease muscle tension.
• Improve cervical movement.
• Reduce pain.
• Enhance overall neck function.

It is most effective when combined with exercise and posture correction rather than used as a stand-alone treatment. For some patients, a professionally performed neck adjustment may help improve joint mobility and reduce cervical dysfunction when appropriate.

Vestibular Rehabilitation

Vestibular rehabilitation is a specialized form of physical therapy designed to improve balance and reduce dizziness. Although it is commonly used for inner ear disorders, it may also benefit individuals with cervical dizziness by helping the brain adapt to altered sensory information.

Exercises may focus on:

• Eye movement coordination.
• Balance control.
• Walking stability.
• Head movement exercises.
• Improving coordination between the eyes, neck, and inner ear.

Over time, these exercises can help reduce dizziness and improve confidence during daily activities.

Medications

Medication may be recommended to manage pain, reduce inflammation, or relax tight muscles, particularly during the early stages of treatment.

Depending on the underlying cause, a healthcare provider may prescribe or recommend:

• Over-the-counter pain relievers.
• Anti-inflammatory medications.
• Muscle relaxants.
• Medications for associated migraine symptoms if appropriate.

While medications can provide temporary symptom relief, they are generally most effective when combined with rehabilitation and lifestyle modifications.

Lifestyle Modifications

Simple lifestyle changes can significantly reduce stress on the cervical spine and help prevent recurring episodes of dizziness.

Helpful modifications include:

• Improving workstation ergonomics.
• Taking frequent movement breaks.
• Limiting prolonged smartphone use.
• Sleeping with proper neck support.
• Staying physically active.
• Managing stress effectively.
• Maintaining a healthy body weight.

These habits not only reduce symptoms but also promote long-term spinal health.

Exercises That May Help Improve Neck Pain and Dizziness

Regular exercise is one of the most effective ways to improve cervical function, reduce muscle tension, and restore normal movement patterns. Exercises should always be performed slowly and within a comfortable range, especially if dizziness is present.

Gentle Neck Mobility Exercises

Gentle mobility exercises help maintain flexibility and reduce stiffness in the cervical spine. Slowly turning the head from side to side, tilting it toward each shoulder, and looking up and down can improve joint movement and decrease muscle tightness.

These exercises should never cause sharp pain or significant dizziness. If symptoms worsen, stop the exercise and consult a healthcare professional.

Posture Correction Exercises

Correcting posture reduces unnecessary strain on the neck and improves alignment throughout the spine.

Simple posture exercises include:

• Chin tucks.
• Wall posture exercises.
• Shoulder blade squeezes.
• Chest-opening stretches.

Practicing these movements daily can gradually improve posture and reduce stress on the upper cervical spine.

Deep Neck Flexor Strengthening

The deep neck flexor muscles play an essential role in stabilizing the cervical spine. Weakness in these muscles is common among people with chronic neck pain.

Exercises targeting these muscles help:

• Improve spinal stability.
• Reduce forward head posture.
• Decrease muscle fatigue.
• Support healthy neck movement.

Strengthening should be performed gradually under professional guidance if symptoms are severe.

Balance Training

Balance exercises help retrain the brain to process information from the neck, eyes, and inner ear more effectively.

Examples include:

• Standing on one leg.
• Heel-to-toe walking.
• Weight-shifting exercises.
• Walking while turning the head.

These exercises should be performed in a safe environment where support is available if needed.

Shoulder Stabilization Exercises

Strong shoulder muscles reduce the workload placed on the neck during everyday activities.

Helpful exercises include:

• Resistance band rows.
• Wall slides.
• Reverse fly exercises.
• Scapular retractions.

Improving shoulder stability often leads to better posture and decreased neck strain, reducing both pain and dizziness over time.

Preventing Neck Pain and Dizziness in Everyday Life

While not every case can be prevented, healthy daily habits can greatly reduce the risk of developing cervical pain and dizziness.

Improve Workplace Ergonomics

Arrange your workstation so that your monitor is at eye level, your chair supports your lower back, and your keyboard is positioned comfortably. Good ergonomics help maintain a neutral neck position and reduce muscle fatigue.

Move More Throughout the Day

Remaining in one position for hours can cause stiffness and poor circulation. Stand up, stretch, and walk for a few minutes every 30 to 60 minutes to keep your muscles active and your joints mobile.

Choose the Right Pillow

A supportive pillow helps keep your neck aligned while you sleep. Choosing a pillow that matches your sleeping position can reduce morning stiffness and minimize unnecessary strain on the cervical spine.

Stay Hydrated

Proper hydration supports healthy muscles, joints, and spinal discs. Drinking enough water throughout the day can also help reduce muscle fatigue and improve overall physical function.

Manage Stress Effectively

Stress often causes people to tighten their neck and shoulder muscles without realizing it. Incorporating relaxation techniques, regular exercise, deep breathing, or mindfulness practices into your routine can help reduce muscle tension and lower the likelihood of neck-related dizziness.

Frequently Asked Questions

Can neck pain really cause dizziness?

Yes. Dysfunction in the cervical spine can interfere with the sensory information sent to the brain, leading to feelings of imbalance or lightheadedness.

How long does cervical dizziness last?

The duration varies depending on the underlying cause. Some people improve within days or weeks, while others require several months of rehabilitation if symptoms are chronic.

Can poor posture cause dizziness?

Yes. Poor posture places excessive strain on the neck muscles and joints, which can disrupt communication between the cervical spine and the brain, contributing to dizziness.

Is cervical dizziness dangerous?

Cervical dizziness itself is usually not life-threatening, but dizziness can also be a symptom of more serious medical conditions. Persistent, severe, or sudden symptoms should always be assessed by a healthcare professional.

What is the fastest way to relieve cervical dizziness?

Improving posture, performing gentle neck exercises, taking movement breaks, and following a treatment plan recommended by a healthcare professional are among the most effective ways to reduce symptoms.

When should I see a doctor?

You should seek medical evaluation if dizziness is persistent, worsens over time, follows a neck injury, or is accompanied by symptoms such as severe headache, chest pain, weakness, numbness, vision changes, difficulty speaking, or loss of consciousness.

Conclusion

Neck pain and dizziness are closely connected because the cervical spine plays an essential role in maintaining balance and coordinating movement. When the muscles, joints, or nerves in the neck become strained or dysfunctional, they can send inaccurate signals to the brain, resulting in dizziness, unsteadiness, headaches, and neck stiffness. Although these symptoms can be unsettling, many cases improve with proper diagnosis, targeted treatment, posture correction, and regular exercise.

Because dizziness has many potential causes, it is important not to assume that the neck is always responsible. A thorough medical evaluation can help rule out inner ear disorders, neurological conditions, cardiovascular problems, and other serious illnesses. Once the underlying cause has been identified, an individualized treatment plan—including physical therapy, balance exercises, lifestyle modifications, and ergonomic improvements—can significantly reduce symptoms, restore confidence in daily activities, and improve overall quality of life.

References & Scientific Sources

1. Reiley, A. S., et al. (2017). How to diagnose cervicogenic dizziness. Physical Therapy Reviews, 22(3-4), 169–181.

2. Yacovino, D. A., & Hain, T. C. (2013). Clinical characteristics of cervicogenic dizziness and its treatment. Current Opinion in Neurology, 26(1), 75–81.

3. Sung, Y. H. (2020). Upper cervical spine dysfunction and cervicogenic dizziness. Journal of Exercise Rehabilitation, 16(5), 385–391.